Web Hacking: Web Application Basics (TryHackMe)

In this article, I will write a write-up for Web Hacking: Web Application Basics that covers the Web Application Overview, Uniform Resource Locator, HTPP Messages, HTTP Request: Request Line and Methods, HTTP Request: Headers and Body, HTTP Response: Status Line and Status Codes, Security Headers, and a Practical Task: Making HTTP Requests.

Which component on a computer is responsible for hosting and delivering content for web applications? web server
Which tool is used to access and interact with web applications? web browser
Which component acts as a protective layer, filtering incoming traffic to block malicious attacks, and ensuring the security of the the web application? web application firewall
Which protocol provides encrypted communication to ensure secure data transmission between a web browser and a web server? HTTPS
What term describes the practice of registering domain names that are misspelt variations of popular websites to exploit user errors and potentially engage in fraudulent activities? Typosquatting
What part of a URL is used to pass additional information, such as search terms or form inputs, to the web server? Query String
Which HTTP message is returned by the web server after processing a client's request? HTTP response
What follows the headers in an HTTP message? Empty Line
Which HTTP protocol version became widely adopted and remains the most commonly used version for web communication, known for introducing features like persistent connections and chunked transfer encoding? HTTP/1.1
Which HTTP request method describes the communication options for the target resource, allowing clients to determine which HTTP methods are supported by the web server? OPTIONS
In an HTTP request, which component specifies the specific resource or endpoint on the web server that the client is requesting, typically appearing after the domain name in the URL? URL Path
Which HTTP request header specifies the domain name of the web server to which the request is being sent? Host
What is the default content type for form submissions in an HTTP request where the data is encoded as key=value pairs in a query string format? application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Which part of an HTTP request contains additional information like host, user agent, and content type, guiding how the web server should process the request? Request Headers
What part of an HTTP response provides the HTTP version, status code, and a brief explanation of the response's outcome? Status Line
Which category of HTTP response codes indicates that the web server encountered an internal issue or is unable to fulfil the client's request? Server Error Responses
Which HTTP status code indicates that the requested resource could not be found on the web server? 404
Which HTTP response header can reveal information about the web server's software and version, potentially exposing it to security risks if not removed? Server
Which flag should be added to cookies in the Set-Cookie HTTP response header to ensure they are only transmitted over HTTPS, protecting them from being exposed during unencrypted transmissions? Secure
Which flag should be added to cookies in the Set-Cookie HTTP response header to prevent them from being accessed via JavaScript, thereby enhancing security against XSS attacks? HttpOnly
In a Content Security Policy (CSP) configuration, which property can be set to define where scripts can be loaded from? script-src
When configuring the Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS) header to ensure that all subdomains of a site also use HTTPS, which directive should be included to apply the security policy to both the main domain and its subdomains? includeSubDomains
Which HTTP header directive is used to prevent browsers from interpreting files as a different MIME type than what is specified by the server, thereby mitigating content type sniffing attacks? nosniff
Make a GET request to /api/users. What is the flag? THM{YOU_HAVE_JUST_FOUND_THE_USER_LIST}
Make a POST request to /api/user/2 and update the country of Bob from UK to US. What is the flag? THM{YOU_HAVE_MODIFIED_THE_USER_DATA}
Make a DELETE request to /api/user/1 to delete the user. What is the flag? THM{YOU_HAVE_JUST_DELETED_A_USER}